- awk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
- break Exit from a loop
- builtin Run a shell builtin
- bzip2 Compress or decompress named file(s)
- cal Display a calendar
- case Conditionally perform a command
- cat Display the contents of a file
- cd Change Directory
- cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
- chgrp Change group ownership
- chmod Change access permissions
- chown Change file owner and group
- chroot Run a command with a different root directory
- cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts
- clear Clear terminal screen
- cmp Compare two files
- comm Compare two sorted files line by line
- command Run a command - ignoring shell functions
- continue Resume the next iteration of a loop
- cp Copy one or more files to another location
- cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands
- crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time
- csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces
- cut Divide a file into several parts
- date Display or change the date & time
- dc Desk Calculator
- dd Data Dump - Convert and copy a file
- ddrescue Data recovery tool
- declare Declare variables and give them attributes
- df Display free disk space
- @diff Display the differences between two files
- diff3 Show differences among three files
- dig DNS lookup
- dir Briefly list directory contents
- dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
- dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
- dirs Display list of remembered directories
- du Estimate file space usage
- echo Display message on screen
- egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
- eject Eject removable media
- enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands
- env Environment variables
- ethtool Ethernet card settings
- eval Evaluate several commands/arguments
- exec Execute a command
- exit Exit the shell
- expand Convert tabs to spaces
- export Set an environment variable
- expr Evaluate expressions
- false Do nothing, unsuccessfully
- fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
- fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
- fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
- file Determine file type
- find Search for files that meet a desired criteria
- fmt Reformat paragraph text
- fold Wrap text to fit a specified width.
- for Expand words, and execute commands
- format Format disks or tapes
- free Display memory usage
- fsck File system consistency check and repair
- ftp File Transfer Protocol
- function Define Function Macros
- gawk Find and Replace text within file(s)
- getopts Parse positional parameters
- grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
- groups Print group names a user is in
- gzip Compress or decompress named file(s)
- hash Remember the full pathname of a name argument
- head Output the first part of file(s)
- history Command History
- hostname Print or set system name
- id Print user and group id's
- if Conditionally perform a command
- ifconfig Configure a network interface
- import Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
- install Copy files and set attributes
- join Join lines on a common field
- kill Stop a process from running
- less Display output one screen at a time
- let Perform arithmetic on shell variables
- ln Make links between files
- local Create variables
- locate Find files
- logname Print current login name
- logout Exit a login shell
- look Display lines beginning with a given string
- lpc Line printer control program
- lpr Off line print
- lprint Print a file
- lprintd Abort a print job
- lprintq List the print queue
- lprm Remove jobs from the print queue
- ls List information about file(s)
- lsof List open files
- make Recompile a group of programs
- man Help manual
- mkdir Create new folder(s)
- mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)
- mkisofs Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
- mknod Make block or character special files
- more Display output one screen at a time
- mount Mount a file system
- mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files
- mv Move or rename files or directories
- netstat Networking information
- nice Set the priority of a command or job
- nl Number lines and write files
- nohup Run a command immune to hangups
- nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively
- passwd Modify a user password
- paste Merge lines of files
- pathchk Check file name portability
- ping Test a network connection
- popd Restore the previous value of the current directory
- pr Prepare files for printing
- printcap Printer capability database
- printenv Print environment variables
- printf Format and print data
- ps Process status
- pushd Save and then change the current directory
- pwd Print Working Directory
- quota Display disk usage and limits
- quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
- quotactl Set disk quotas
- ram ram disk device
- rcp Copy files between two machines.
- read read a line from standard input
- readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
- remsync Synchronize remote files via email
- return Exit a shell function
- rm Remove files
- rmdir Remove folder(s)
- rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
- screen Terminal window manager
- scp Secure copy (remote file copy)
- sdiff Merge two files interactively
- sed Stream Editor
- select Accept keyboard input
- seq Print numeric sequences
- set Manipulate shell variables and functions
- sftp Secure File Transfer Program
- shift Shift positional parameters
- shopt Shell Options
- shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
- sleep Delay for a specified time
- sort Sort text files
- source Run commands from a file `.'
- split Split a file into fixed-size pieces
- ssh Secure Shell client (remote login program)
- strace Trace system calls and signals
- su Substitute user identity
- sum Print a checksum for a file
- symlink Make a new name for a file
- sync Synchronize data on disk with memory
- tail Output the last part of files
- tar Tape ARchiver
- tee Redirect output to multiple files
- test Evaluate a conditional expression
- time Measure Program running time
- times User and system times
- touch Change file timestamps
- top List processes running on the system
- traceroute Trace Route to Host
- trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
- tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
- true Do nothing, successfully
- tsort Topological sort
- tty Print filename of terminal on stdin
- type Describe acommand
- ulimit Limit user resources
- umask Users file creation mask
- umount Unmount a device
- unalias Remove an alias
- uname Print system information
- unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
- uniq Uniquify files
- units Convert units from one scale to another
- unset Remove variable or function names
- unshar Unpack shell archive scripts
- until Execute commands (until error)
- useradd Create new user account
- usermod Modify user account
- users List users currently logged in
- uuencode Encode a binary file
- uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode
- v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
- vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
- vi Text Editor
- watch Execute/display a program periodically
- wc Print byte, word, and line counts
- whereis Report all known instances of a command
- which Locate a program file in the user's path.
- while Execute commands
- who Print all usernames currently logged in
- whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
- Wget Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP
- xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
- yes Print a string until interrupted
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